Effects of light and soil flooding on the growth and photosynthesis of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) seedlings in Malaysia

We studied the ecophysiology of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) seedlings in an experimental set up at the Forest Research Centre in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Ramin seedlings were grown on flooded and drained peat soil under 100, 76, 46 and 23% sunlight, thus simulating effects of different light conditions (canopy gap size) and drainage that occur in natural ramin populations. Seedling growth was highest in partial sunlight (76%) and reduced with reducing light levels. Aboveground productivity and fine root development were significantly higher in seedlings grown on flooded soil compared with those on drained soil. In contrast, investment in coarse root biomass was significantly higher in seedlings grown on drained soil. It appeared that the aboveground growth benefits in flooded conditions were the result of more advantageous conditions for allocation of carbon to leaves, thus enhancing overall relative growth rates through higher light interception rates despite lower photosynthetic capacity. The results of this experiment suggested that drainage of peat swamp forests would seriously hamper natural regeneration of ramin by limiting the growth of seedlings. It is also suggested that selective logging operations which produce medium-size canopy gaps improve ramin regeneration in hydrologically undisturbed mixed swamp forest

A Conceptual Design Optimization of Collimator With 181Ta as Neutron Source for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Based Cyclotron Using Computer Simulation Program Monte Carlo N Particle Extended

The optimization of collimator with 30 MeV cyclotron as neutron source and 181Ta as its proton target. cyclotron assumed work at 30 MeV power with 1 mA and 30 kW operation condition. Criteria of design based on IAEA’s recommendation. Using MCNPX as simulator, the result indicated that with using 181Ta as target material with 0.55 cm thickness and 19 cm diameter, 25 cm and 45 cm PbF2 as reflector and back reflector, 30 cm 32S as a moderator, 20 cm 60Ni as fast neutron filter, 2 cm 209Bi as gamma filter, 1 cm 6Li2 CO3- polyethylenes as thermal neutron filter, and 23 cm diameter of aperture, an epithermal neutron beam with intensity 4.37 x 109 n.cm-2.s-1, fast neutron and gamma doses per epithermal neutron of 1.86 x 10-16 Gy.cm2.n-1 and 1.93 x 10-13Gy.cm2.n-1, minimum thermal neutron per epithermal neutron ratio of 0.003, and maximum directionality 0,728, respectively could be produced. The results have passed all the IAEA’s criteria

Komunitas dan Keanekaragaman Ascidia di Pesisir Minanga, Malalayang Satu, Kota Manado

Ascidian is one of the biota components that make up coral reefs, which has many biological, ecological and pharmaceutical benefits. This makes Ascidian a very attractive target due to its high and unique diversity among marine invertebrates. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the Ascidia community and diversity in the Minanga Coast, Malalayang Satu, Manado City. This research was conducted for 3 (three) months from April to June 2022 with the location of data collection is Minanga Divers Coast. Data were collected using the visual census method at a depth of 7 and 14 m with a transect length of 50 m and a width of 5 m. Data analysis was carried out to obtain the value of species composition and density and ecological index. The results obtained: 1). Ascidia found were 14 species consisting of 12 species at a depth of 7 m and 10 species at a depth of 14 m. 2). The highest species composition and density values were Ascidia P. aurata on D. molle 3). The Ascidia diversity index at the study site was was 2.00 at a depth of 7 m and 1.84 at a depth of 14 m.Keyword : Ascidian, species composition, density, diversity

Acanthuridae in Bitunuris Waters Talaud Islands

 This study aims to determine the species of fish from the Acanthuridae family in Bitunuris Village, Salibabu Island, Talaud Islands Regency. Fish samples were caught using monofilament gill nets with a mesh size of 1.5 inches, net length of 15 m, and net height of 2 m. Sampling was carried out in April and May 2021. A total of 63 individuals were caught consisting of nine species. Acanthurus nigrofuscus 40 individuals, 10.0-17.0 cm in length and 18-77 g in weight. Acanthurus lineatus three individuals, 9.4-17.7 cm in length and 17-96 g in weight. Acanthurus triostegus is seven individuals, 9.3-12.4 cm in length, and weighs 21-55 g. Acanthurus nigricans two individuals each measuring 13.9-13.9 cm in length and weighing 67-70 g each. One individual Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus, a total length of 10.3 cm, and weight of 29 g. Naso lituratus four individuals, length 15.1-17.7 cm and weight ranging from 68-115 g. Naso brevirostris one individual measuring 23.0 cm in length and weighing 186 g. One individual Naso brachycentron, 24.5 cm in length and 172 g in weight. Zebrasoma scopas four individuals, 12.1-15.8 cm in length and weighing 54-105 g.Keywords: Species, gill nets.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies ikan Famili Acanthuridae di Desa Bitunuris Pulau Salibabu Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Sampel ikan ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang monofilamen dengan ukuran mata jaring 1,5 inci, panjang jaring 15 m, tinggi jaring 2 m. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada April dan  Mei 2021. Sebanyak 63 individu yang tertangkap terdiri atas sembilan spesies.  Acanthurus nigrofuscus 40 individu, panjang berkisaran 10,0-17,0 cm dan berat 18-77 g.  Acanthurus lineatus tiga individu, panjang berkisaran 9,4-17,7 cm berat berkisaran 17-96 g.  Acanthurus triostegus  tuju individu, panjang 9,3-12,4 cm dan berat berkisaran antara 21-55 g.  Acanthurus nigricans dua individu masing-masing ukuran panjang 13,9-13,9 cm berat masing-masing ukuran 67-70 g.  Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus satu individu, panjang total 10,3 cm dan  berat 29 g.  Naso lituratus empat individu, ukuran panjang 15,1-17,7 cm berat berkisaran 68-115 g.  Naso brevirostris satu individu ukuran panjang 23,0 cm memiliki berat 186 g.  Naso brachycentron satu individu,  panjang 24,5 cm dan berat 172 g.  Zebrasoma scopas empat individu,  panjang 12,1-15,8 cm dan  berat 54-105 g.Kata Kunci: Spesies, jaring insang

Intelligent Financial Fraud Detection Practices: An Investigation

Financial fraud is an issue with far reaching consequences in the finance industry, government, corporate sectors, and for ordinary consumers. Increasing dependence on new technologies such as cloud and mobile computing in recent years has compounded the problem. Traditional methods of detection involve extensive use of auditing, where a trained individual manually observes reports or transactions in an attempt to discover fraudulent behaviour. This method is not only time consuming, expensive and inaccurate, but in the age of big data it is also impractical. Not surprisingly, financial institutions have turned to automated processes using statistical and computational methods. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on financial fraud detection practices using such data mining methods, with a particular focus on computational intelligence-based techniques. Classification of the practices based on key aspects such as detection algorithm used, fraud type investigated, and success rate have been covered. Issues and challenges associated with the current practices and potential future direction of research have also been identified.Comment: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (SecureComm 2014